Acid-base titration acts as a fundamental analytical technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution. This process involves the controlled addition of a standardized solution, called the titrant, to a solution of uncertain concentration until the reaction between the acid and base is fully reacted. The point at which this occur

In acid-base titrations, the equivalence point signifies the precise moment when the {acid|titrant and base have completely reacted. This crucial phase is often signaled by a sudden change in the solution's acidity, though it may not always be directly observable. To precisely pinpoint this threshold, techniques like using an color-changing reagent